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土木工程英語建築師作文

發布時間:2021-08-15 16:34:22

『壹』 土木工程英語作文

Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the profession of
engineering after military engineering. Many of the important things in
our lives that we take for granted are the proct of civil engineering.
The
construction of the dams and power stations that provide the
electricity we use every day requires civil engineers.The water and
sewage treatment plants that provide us with safe water supplies require
the expertise of civil engineers.The paths and roads we travel are
civil engineering projects.
In fact most structures, large and small,
require the help of a civil engineer whether in the designing, planning
or managing of the project.
Civil engineers also help to preserve
our environment by assisting in the cleaning up of existing pollution
and planning ways to rece future pollution of our air, land and water
Civil Engineering gives us Quality of Life !
翻譯:
土木工程是軍事工程學演變而來的工程專業的一個最古老分支.許多我們生活中被認為是理所當然的重要事物都是土木工程的產物.
為我們日常生活供應電力的水壩和發電站,它們的建設就需要土木工程師.為我們提供安全用水的生活用水和污水處理廠也需要土木工程師的專業知識.我們出行交通所必需的道路,正是土木工程的實例.
事實上,許多建築物,不論大小,在工程的設計、規劃和管理階段都需要土木工程師的協助.
土木工程師也通過清理現存的污染和規劃一些方法來減少未來空氣、土壤和水中的污染,從而幫助保護我們的環境.
土木工程為我們創造高品質的人生!

『貳』 求一篇土木工程英文文獻翻譯,畢業設計用的

剛好我也在做畢業設計 把我的給你用吧

Traditional Construction Proceres
As mentioned before, construction under the traditional construction procere is performed by contractors. While they would like to satisfy the owner and the building designers, contractors have the main objective of making a profit. Hence, their initial task is to prepare a bid price based on an accurate estimate of construction costs. This requires development of a concept for performance of the work and a construction time schele. After a contract has been awarded, contractors must furnish and pay for all materials, equipment, power, labor, and supervision required for construction. The owner compensates the contractors for construction costs and services.
A general contractor assumes overall responsibility for construction of a building. The contractor engages subcontractors who take responsibility for the work of the various trades required for construction. For example, a plumbing contractor installs the plumbing, an electrical contractor installs the electrical system, and an elevator contractor installs elevators. Their contracts are with the general contractor, and they are paid by the general contractor.
Sometimes, in addition to a general contractor, the owner contracts separately with specialty contractors, such as electrical and mechanical contractors, who perform a substantial amount of the work require for a building. Such contractors are called prime contractors. Their work is scheled and coordinated by the general contractor, but they are paid directly by the owner.
Sometimes also, the owner may use the design-build method and award a contract to an organization for both the design and construction of a building. Such organizations are called design-build contractors. One variation of this type of contract is employed by developers of groups of one-family homes or low-rise apartment buildings. The homebuilder designs and constructs the dwellings, but the design is substantially completed before owners purchase the homes.
Administration of the construction procere often is difficult. Consequently, some owners seek assistance from an expert, called a professional construction manager, with extensive construction experience, who receives a fee. The construction manager negotiates with general contractors and helps select one to construct the building. Managers usually also supervise selection of subcontractors. During construction, they help control costs, expedite equipment and material deliveries, and keep the work on schele. In some cases, instead, the owner may prefer o engage a construction program manager, to assist in administrating both design and construction.
Construction contractors employ labor that may or may not be unionized. Unionized craftspeople are members of unions that are organized by construction trades, such as carpenter, plumber, and electrician unions, Union members will perform only the work assigned to their trade.
During construction, all work should be inspected. For this purpose, the owner, often through the architect and consultants, engages inspectors. The field inspectors may be placed under the control of an owner』s representative, who may be titled clerk of the works, architect』s superintendent, engineer』s superintendent, or resident engineer. The inspectors have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets the requirements of the contract documents and is performed under safe conditions. Such inspections may be made at frequent intervals.
In addition, inspections also are made by representatives of one or more governmental agencies. They have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets legal requirements and have little or no concern with detailed conformance with the contract documents. Such legal inspections are made periodically or at the end of certain stages of construction. One agency that will make frequent inspections is the local or state building department, whichever has jurisdiction. The purpose of these inspections is to ensure conformance with the local or state building code.
Following is a description of the basic traditional construction procere for a multistory building.
After the award of a construction contract to a general contractor, the owner may ask the contractor to start a portion of the work before signing of the contract by giving the contractor a letter of intent or after signing of the contract by issuing a written notice to proceed. The contractor then obtains construction permits, as required, form governmental agencies, such as the local building, water, sewer, and highway departments.
The general contractor plans and scheles construction operations in detail and mobilizes equipment and personnel for the project. Subcontractors are notified of the contract award and issued letters of intent or awarded subcontracts, then are given, at appropriate times, notices to proceed.
Before construction starts, the general contractor orders a survey to be made of adjacent structures and terrain, both for the record and to become knowledgeable of local conditions. A survey is then made to lay out construction.
Field offices for the contractor are erected on or near the site. If desirable for safety reasons to protect passersby, the required to be removed from the site are demolished and the debris is carted away.
Next, the site is prepared to receive the building. This work may involve grading the top surface to bring it to the proper elevations, excavating to required depths for basement and foundations, and shifting of utility piping. For deep excavations, earth sides are braced and the bottom is drained.
Major construction starts with the placement of foundations, on which the building rests. This is followed by the erection of load-bearing walls and structural framing. Depending on the height of the building, ladders, stairs, or elevators may be installed to enable construction personnel to travel from floor to floor eventually to the roof. Also, hoists may be installed to lift materials to upper levels. If needed, temporary flooring may be placed for use of personnel.
As the building rises, pipes, cts, and electric conit and wiring are installed. Then, permanent floors, exterior walls, and windows are constructed. At the appropriate time, permanent elevators are installed. If required, fireproofing is placed for steel framing. Next, fixed partitions are built and the roof and its covering are put is place,
Finishing operations follow. There include installation of the following: ceilings; tile; wallboard; wall paneling; plumbing fixtures; heating furnaces; air-conditioning equipment; heating and cooling devices for rooms; escalators; floor coverings; window glass; movable partitions; doors; finishing hardware; electrical equipment and apparatus, including lighting fixtures, switches, transformers, and controls; and other items called for in the drawings and specifications. Field offices, fences, bridges, and other temporary construction must be removed from the site. Utilities, such as gas, electricity, and water, are hooked up to the building. The sit is landscaped and paved. Finally, the building interior is painted and cleaned.
The owner』s representatives then give the building a final inspection. If they find that the structure conforms with the contract documents, the owner accepts the project and gives the general contractor final payment on issuance by the building department of a certificate of occupancy, which indicates that the completed building meets building-code requirements.

傳統的施工程序
眾所周知,在傳統的施工程序中進行施工的承包商。盡管他們想滿足業主和建築設計師的要求,但是最終還是以賺取利潤為主要目標的。因此,他們最初的任務是對編寫投標價格的建築成本進行准確的估計。這就需要進行前期調查的工作並且做出施工時間表。等合約批出後,施工方必須提供所有材料並支付其費用,設備,電力,勞動力。業主此時需要進行必要的監督。
一個總承包商承擔一個建築整體的責任。從事分包的承建商則需承擔建造工程所需的各個工作。例如,管道承包商安裝水管,電業承辦商安裝電氣系統,電梯則由電梯承包商安裝。他們與總承包商簽訂合同,費用由總承包商支付。
有時候,除了一個總承包商,還有各種專業承包商,如電氣和機械承包商,執行工作時需要與業主簽訂合同。這種承包商被稱為間接承包商。他們的工作,由總承包商協調,但它們都是由業主直接聯系。
還有些時候,業主可以使用設計建造方法同時兼有設計和建築施工單位的職能。這些單位被稱為設計建造承包商。這方面的一個類型的合同聘用的變化是由一戶住宅或低層住宅建築群的開發。在房屋建築設計和建造的住房,但設計之前需要由購買房屋的業主完成。
施工過程管理往往是困難的。因此,一些業主會去尋求專家的協助,這些專家被稱為專業施工經理,他們具有豐富的施工經驗。施工經理與總承包商進行談判,並選擇其中一個項目。施工經理通常還監督分包商。在施工期間,它們有助於控製成本,加快運送設備和材料,並保持工作的進度。在依法行政,協助設計和建設的情況下,業主可以選擇從事建築項目經理。
建築承包商僱用的勞動力,一般有大工和小工。大工再建築工程中從事技術活,如木工,管道工,工會成員和電工工會,小工則執行了分配給他們的工作。
在施工期間,一切工作都要驗收。因此,業主通過建築師和監理經常進行督查。可能是名為工程員,建築師或駐地工程師。作為業主的代表實地視察。核查人員必須確保工程符合合同文件的要求,並在安全的條件下進行的責任。這種檢查可作出重復。
此外,驗收還是需要一個或多個政府機構的代表。他們必須確保工程符合法律要求,並負責檢查與合同文件是否一致。這種視察一般定期或在某些階段施工結束以後進行。地方或國家建設部門具有管轄權。這些檢查的目的是確保符合當地或國家的建築規范。
以下是傳統多層建築施工的基本程序。
建造開始後合同授予開發商,業主可要求開發商開始施工之前簽約給或之後簽約發出書面通知的同時另一部分工作繼續進行。緊接著施工方根據需要獲取建築許可證,例如當地的建設,供水,污水處理,政府機構和公路部門。
總承包商的計劃和進度詳細施工作業以及動員項目設備和人員。分包商得到通知後,做出簽訂合同的意向或授予分包合同書,然後給出在適當的時候進行通知。
在施工前啟動,總承包商要進行的一項調查就是鄰近結構和地形,這些都要記錄在案,並要熟悉當地情況。這項調查結束以後,隨即進行布局建設。
承建商的現場辦事處都建在施工現場或附近。為了安全起見,必須從腳手架上移除的東西,產生的碎片都要運走。
下一步,該網架是為建設工程准備的。這項工作為地下室開挖和基礎開挖的深度,以及公用事業管道轉移找到正確的標高。深挖掘,土方支撐,底部排出。
建築開始於基礎上,然後是承重牆和結構框架的施工。梯子,樓梯,或電梯的安裝,可讓施工人員往返於各個樓層。此外,可安裝卷揚機來運送材料。
由於建築高度的上升,管道,電力管道和線路安裝以及永久地板,外牆,窗戶和構造的影響。在適當的時候,永久的電梯安裝。再需要的情況下可以安裝防火卷簾。其次,屋頂等地方也需要安裝。
精加工工序安裝有包括以下內容:天花板,瓷磚,牆板,牆壁鑲板,水管裝置,加熱爐,空氣調節設備,加熱和冷卻室裝置;自動扶梯;地板,窗戶玻璃;活動板,門;電氣設備和儀器,包括照明燈具,開關,變壓器,控制器,遵照項目的圖紙和規格。外地辦事處,圍欄,橋梁和其他臨時建築,公共設備,如天然氣,電力管道,水管,都連接到建築上。最後,是建築物內部的打掃和清洗。
業主的代表,會給建設工程作最後檢查。如果他們滿意並認為符合合同文件,那麼業主接受該項目,並交給總承包商的一個佔用證書,這表明,總承包商已完成建設,建設部門再根據建築規范的要求發放最後付款。

『叄』 求1000字左右的土木工程英語文章 帶翻譯的

大家都是搞工程的,有的是工程師,有的是未來的工程師.
你知道用英文怎樣告訴他人,工程師和土木工程師是干什麼的嗎?
SO,here:
Engineers apply the principles of science and mathematics to develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between perceived social needs and commercial applications.

Engineersconsider many factors when developing a new proct. For example, in developing an instrial robot, engineers precisely specify the functional requirements; design and test the robot抯 components; integrate the components to proce the final design; and evaluate the design抯 overall effectiveness, cost, reliability, and safety. This process applies to the development of many different procts, such as chemicals, computers, gas turbines, helicopters, and toys.

In addition to design and development, many engineers work in testing, proction, or maintenance. These engineers supervise proction in factories, determine the causes of component failure, and test manufactured procts to maintain quality. They also estimate the time and cost to complete projects. Some move into engineering management or into sales. In sales, an engineering background enables them to discuss technical aspects and assist in proct planning, installation, and use. Supervisory engineers are responsible for major components or entire projects.

Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage systems. They must consider many factors in the design process, from the construction costs and expected lifetime of a project to government regulations and potential environmental hazards such as earthquakes. Civil engineering, considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines, encompasses many specialties. The major specialties are structural, water resources, construction, environmental, transportation, and geotechnical engineering. Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer. Others may work in design, construction, research, and teaching

『肆』 關於土木工程的英語作文,100字左右即可

Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the profession of engineering after military engineering. Many of the important things in our lives that we take for granted are the proct of civil engineering.
The construction of the dams and power stations that provide the electricity we use every day requires civil engineers.The water and sewage treatment plants that provide us with safe water supplies require the expertise of civil engineers.The paths and roads we travel are civil engineering projects.
In fact most structures, large and small, require the help of a civil engineer whether in the designing, planning or managing of the project.
Civil engineers also help to preserve our environment by assisting in the cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to rece future pollution of our air, land and water
Civil Engineering gives us Quality of Life !

翻譯:
土木工程是軍事工程學演變而來的工程專業的一個最古老分支。許多我們生活中被認為是理所當然的重要事物都是土木工程的產物。
為我們日常生活供應電力的水壩和發電站,它們的建設就需要土木工程師。為我們提供安全用水的生活用水和污水處理廠也需要土木工程師的專業知識。我們出行交通所必需的道路,正是土木工程的實例。
事實上,許多建築物,不論大小,在工程的設計、規劃和管理階段都需要土木工程師的協助。
土木工程師也通過清理現存的污染和規劃一些方法來減少未來空氣、土壤和水中的污染,從而幫助保護我們的環境。
土木工程為我們創造高品質的人生!

『伍』 求篇招聘土木工程師的英語作文,200字左右

O my love is like a red red rose, That's newly sprung in June. O my love is like a melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in love am I And I will love thee still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry, And I will love thee still my dear, Till a' the seas run dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun, And I will love thee still, my dear, While the sands o' life shall run. And fare thee weel, my only love, And fare thee weel awhile! And I will come again, my love Tho' 'twere

『陸』 求一篇土木工程專業英語文章,並有翻譯,3000單詞,網址也附帶填上,老師要求的作業,好心人幫幫忙~

From the start, the Arup engineers decided that the structural form would need to mirror the architectural form, but the geometric complexity of the building—including its sloped ceilings and walls—left room for few truly vertical walls or columns, the exception being the elevator core. Moreover, a tightly controlled environmental system to protect the works of art was required, and that system would have special ctwork for various zones that would run from centralized mechanical rooms to the galleries. Like the structural system, the
ctwork could not follow typical vertical and horizontal paths.
一開始,阿拉普的工程師們決定結構形式應該反映出建築形式,但是這個建築的幾何復雜性(包括它的斜屋頂和牆體)使得除了電梯間外它幾乎沒有為真正意義上垂直的牆體或柱子留出空間。此外,它需要一個用於保護藝術品的被嚴格控制的環境系統。而且,那個系統應該是一個具有從高度機械化的房間到圖表的不同分區的特殊管道系統。就像這個結構體系一樣,它是不能套用典型的橫平豎直的模式的。
As a result, lateral loads are imposed on the structure that would exceed those potentially seen in regions that experience high levels of seismic activity, even though Denver is not located in a zone of high seismic activity. By reinforcing the composite concrete floor slab with structural steel plates, Arup optimized the structural system to meet the building』s complex requirements. The engineers approached the design as one might approach the design of a ship, the idea being to pull together the exterior walls so they would be stable and not fall outward.
結果,這個結構被加上水平荷載。而它的強度將會超過那些大概只有在曾發生過高強度地震的地區才能見到的建築。為了滿足建築復雜的要求,阿拉普通過使用鋼板加強組合樓板優化了結構體系。工程師們採用與輪船設計類似的方法把外牆連接在一起,這樣它們就會很堅固而不至於掉出來。
The engineers designed a 「typical」 floor framing system to provide tension ties to the exterior walls and to transfer shear forces from the wind-resisting system. All lateral loads are resisted by latticelike steel bracing on the exterior walls; some additional bracing runs through the interior. But in a typical structure, floor systems do not need to support lateral loads generated by the inclination of the exterior walls in addition to gravity loads. Here the angled walls would tend to deflect ring construction and so would have to be shored. The shorings would be removed after construction, and the structure would then have to deflect into its correct form. Some 50 shorings were set in place for this purpose. The challenge was to determine which geometry to use so that when the gravity loads were imposed on the structure it would deflect to the desired architectural geometry. It took a great deal of structural analysis work on our part so that we would be able to tell the contractor to build the right cambers so they would all go to the zero baseline elevation. Otherwise the building would have been one characterized by warping and bending.
工程師們設計了一個經典的樓板骨架體系。這個體系為外牆提供了拉力並且通過擋風系統把它轉化為剪力。所有的水平荷載由支撐外牆的鋼格來承載。一些附加的支撐穿過了內部結構。但是在典型的結構中,樓板系統不需要承受由外牆傾斜和自重引起的水平荷載。由於這里的帶有角度的牆具有傾斜的趨勢所以應該給它們加上支撐。這些支撐在完工後要被拆除,之後這些牆都應該達到它們的正確傾斜形式。為了達到這個目的人們設置了50個支撐。關鍵在於用哪種幾何形式才能使得結構在自重的作用下它能夠達到設計的建築幾何形式。在我們做大量的結構分析工作之後我們才能讓承包商去建造正確的拱。這樣他們全都會去做零高程基準工作了。否則,它可能已經成為了一座以翹曲和彎曲為特徵的建築了。

『柒』 英語工程作文

Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the profession of engineering after military engineering. Many of the important things in our lives that we take for granted are the proct of civil engineering.
The construction of the dams and power stations that provide the electricity we use every day requires civil engineers.The water and sewage treatment plants that provide us with safe water supplies require the expertise of civil engineers.The paths and roads we travel are civil engineering projects.
In fact most structures, large and small, require the help of a civil engineer whether in the designing, planning or managing of the project.
Civil engineers also help to preserve our environment by assisting in the cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to rece future pollution of our air, land and water
Civil Engineering gives us Quality of Life !
翻譯:
土木工程是軍事工程學演變而來的工程專業的一個最古老分支.許多我們生活中被認為是理所當然的重要事物都是土木工程的產物.
為我們日常生活供應電力的水壩和發電站,它們的建設就需要土木工程師.為我們提供安全用水的生活用水和污水處理廠也需要土木工程師的專業知識.我們出行交通所必需的道路,正是土木工程的實例.
事實上,許多建築物,不論大小,在工程的設計、規劃和管理階段都需要土木工程師的協助.
土木工程師也通過清理現存的污染和規劃一些方法來減少未來空氣、土壤和水中的污染,從而幫助保護我們的環境.
土木工程為我們創造高品質的人生!

『捌』 用英語談談你對土木工程的認識和理想100詞

Civil engineering is that branch ofengineering which aims to provide a comfortable and save living for the people.As is known to us all, It has a long history, but it is also full of vigorous.
Civil engineering is theengineering that deals with the design and construction of structures that areintended to be stationary, such as buildings and houses, tunnels, bridges,canals, highways, airports, port facilities, and road beds for railroads. Civilengineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure orsystem that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structurerarely plicates another exactly. Even when structures seem to be identical,site requirement or other factors generally result in modification. Largestructures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may differ substantially fromprevious structures.

『玖』 求一篇土木工程專業英語的英語文章和漢語翻譯,必重謝

你也太小氣了吧,這么難的問題,還要1500以上,你只給10分懸賞,唉,我絕對無能為力...

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