『壹』 工程管理 中英文對照論文
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『貳』 工程管理相關的3000字外文翻譯 中英對照
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Summary of the study on construction project management methodology: is the largest number of construction projects, the most typical "projects", construction project management practice is one of the important sources of project management theory with integrated project management system of project management theory and practical experience provide theories for construction project management tools, making increasingly systematic and scientific management of construction projects. Tags: 1, raised issues of project management and overview of project management is becoming a modern social address "one-off questions" effective tools that a kind of professional qualification, wide application in the process of social, economic and rapid development is that it provides a new way. Modern social economic total constantly increased, economic globalization, and information trend increasingly enhanced, development speed speed up, process complex, new of instry, and field constantly appears, procts development cycle shortened, led increasingly more of "one-time", and no precedent can through of task of appears, especially enterprise and management social public affairs of Government, more faced was increasingly complex of from market and at home and abroad Affairs of various problem, involves of factors, and interests main increasingly more, these problem General of management approach difficult to solution or successfully solution, and from construction project and the military, and space exploration, field of project management method by upgrade for project management theory and thought, provides has solution social economic development non-General problem of means. You can think, lies in its development and application of project management method. Widely promoted popular project management in China in recent years, the ascendant, and we introce, universal focus, should not be a complicated theories, concepts, proceres, and should be concise, applicable and effective way. Regardless of the economic structure changes, construction remains the main carrier of China's economic development. In comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in China under the background of the Northwest, Northeast, become important means for economic revitalization in many parts of the project. Some cities even proposed "project will flourish cities" slogan. Rely mainly on the application of new scientific and technological achievements in economic progress, relying on the content-type extension, depend on the situation of knowledge innovation, rely on an extensive project is not a suitable means of revitalizing the economy, has been in China for failure to pay the investment decision of enormous cost, so using the scientific method on engineering construction project management, including assessment of argumentation, is the important condition of the building can achieve the desired purpose of the project. Project management methods are not only specific methods, including thought. Party of 16 session third plenary made people, and can continued of science development view, "people", and "can continued" of a basic content is science and technology, and economic, and environment, and social of coordination development, project construction do for development economic of important means, not only cost huge, and on around environment has larger effect, so must meet can continued, and coordination development requirements, this is project management of important guiding ideology one. Methodology is the study of methods. Comprehensively building a comfortably well-off society and development in Northwest and northeast of real background might set off a new round of upsurge of construction, sustainable and coordinated development of scientific concept of development put certain constraints on the construction of macro-control, this method should be implemented in construction project management. Project management is not only for the purposes of achieving specific objectives (ration, quality and cost), should also do project construction and coordination of environmental, social or risk repeating previous errors, mistake, got out of the investment mistakes. This is also a project management method to rise to "methodology" meaning one. Project management of theory so far has can said is is complete of, this not only performance in rich diverse of theory results as various project management books (including translation) of launched, more performance in this area has has own of "knowledge system", as United States Project Management Association (PMI) Yu 1987 made and by 1996, and 2000 amendment of "project management knowledge system", international project management Association 1997 launched has "project management personnel ability benchmark", China double method society for the project management Research Committee also Yu 2001 launched China project management knowledge system under. Each of these knowledge systems project management body of knowledge is divided into a number of areas, elements, moles, China knowledge system "methods and tools" concept, other systems do not have on the topic independent of the method, but throughout all stages of project management, processes, fields. Various project management works also focus on content, stage of project management, program, organization of expositions devoted to rare. Of course, this does not mean to ignore, perfection but summary, concentrate on methods of research and contribute to the popularization and application of project management project management role into full play.
建設工程項目管理的方法論研究
摘要：建設工程項目是數量最多、最典型的「項目」，建設工程項目管理的實踐是項目管理理論的重要淵源之一，融合了項目管理實踐經驗的系統的項目管理理論又為建設工程項目管理提供了理論工具，使得建設工程項目管理日益系統化、科學化。
關鍵詞：項目管理 工程
1、問題的提出及現狀綜述
項目管理之所以成為一種現代社會解決「一次性問題」的有效工具以至於一種職業資格，在社會事務、經濟過程中廣泛應用並且迅速發展，就在於它提供了一種新的方法。現代社會經濟總量不斷增加，經濟全球化、信息化趨勢日益增強，發展速度加快，過程復雜，新的行業、領域不斷出現，產品開發周期縮短，導致越來越多的「一次性」、無先例可循的任務的出現，尤其是企業和管理社會公共事務的政府，更面臨著日趨復雜的來自市場和國內外事務的各種問題，涉及到的因素、利益主體越來越多，這些問題常規的管理辦法難以解決或圓滿解決，而來自建設工程項目及軍事、空間探索等領域的項目管理方法經提升為項目管理理論和思想，提供了解決社會經濟發展中非常規問題的手段。可以認為，項目管理的發展與應用在於它的方法。項目管理在中國廣泛推廣普及是近幾年的事，方興未艾，而我們引進、普及的重點，不應是繁瑣的理論、概念、程序，而應該是簡明、適用、有效的方法。
不論經濟結構如何變化，工程項目建設仍是我國經濟發展的主要載體。在我國目前全面建設小康社會、開發西北、振興東北的背景下，項目建設成為許多地區經濟振興的重要手段。有的城市甚至提出「項目興市」的口號。在經濟進步主要依靠新科技成果應用、依靠內涵式擴展、依靠知識創新的形勢下，靠粗放式項目建設並不是合適的振興經濟的手段，我國也一直在為投資決策的失誤付出巨大代價，所以利用科學方法對工程建設項目進行管理，包括評估論證，將是項目建設能否達到預期目的的重要條件。
工程項目管理方法不僅是具體方法，也包括思想。黨的十六屆三中全會提出以人為本、可持續的科學發展觀，「以人為本」、「可持續」的一個基本內容就是科學技術、經濟、環境、社會的協調發展，工程項目建設做為發展經濟的重要手段，不僅耗資巨大，而且對周圍環境有較大影響，所以必須滿足可持續、協調發展要求，這也是工程項目管理的重要指導思想之一。方法論是對方法的研究。全面建設小康社會、開發西北、振興東北的現實背景可能掀起新一輪工程建設熱潮，可持續、協調發展科學發展觀對工程項目建設提出了一定製約的宏觀控制，這一點要落實到建設項目管理的方法上。工程項目管理的目的不僅是實現具體的目標（工期、質量、費用），也應做到項目建設與環境、社會的協調，否則可能重蹈以前投資失誤、失策、失控的覆轍。這也是工程項目管理方法上升到「方法論」的意義之一。
項目管理的理論至今已可以說是很完備的，這不僅表現在豐富多樣的理論成果如各種項目管理書籍（包括翻譯）的面世，更表現在這個領域有了自己的「知識體系」，如美國項目管理協會（PMI）於1987年提出並經1996、2000年修訂的「項目管理知識體系」，國際項目管理協會1997年推出了「項目管理人員能力基準」，中國雙法研究會項目管理研究委員會也於2001年推出《中國項目管理知識體系》。上述各知識體系將項目管理知識劃分為若干領域、要素、模塊，中國的知識體系有「方法與工具」概念，其他體系未有關於方法的獨立專題，而是貫穿於項目管理的各個階段、過程、領域。各種項目管理著作也多側重於對項目管理內容、階段、程序、組織等的論述，對於方法的專門論述不多見。當然這並不意味著對方法的忽略，但對方法的總結、集中研究與完善有助於項目管理的推廣應用的項目管理作用的充分發揮。
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『伍』 工程管理中英文對照論文
建築工程項目分承包管理方式的探討 聞迅 關鍵詞：項目、項目管理、總承包商（總包商）、分承包商（分包商）、建築市場分包體系、矩陣式組織結構、合同管理、目標管理提要：隨著建築工程項目化管理更加深入，項目管理的科學方法應用更加廣泛，建築業向更高層次發展，建立完善的建築業專業分包體系，將是我國建築市場發展的必然趨勢，筆者認為在目前的環境中，採用集權式的公司發包，授權項目的實施管理，採取矩陣式的組織管理結構，著重於合同管理和生產過程目標管理的方式，是較為有效的分包管理形式。 一.項目的概念及特徵、項目管理、建築工程項目管理特點（一）項目的概念 「項目」的提法由來以早，建築業及軍事領域最早運用項目管理的工具和方法。項目的定義有多種，但都圍繞著項目的基本概念而歸納的。ISO10006中規定項目為「具有獨特的過程，有開始和結束時間，由一系列相互協調和受控的活動組成。過程的實施是為了達到規定的目標，包括滿足時間、費用和資源的約束性條件。」 美國項目管理協會PMI在PMBOOK（2000版）給出的定義為：「項目是為了完成某一獨特的產品或服務而作的一次性努力。」 德國國家標准DIN69901地應項目為「項目是指總體上符合下列條件的具有唯一性的任務。（具有預定目標，具體的時間、財務人力和其它限制條件，具有專門的組織）。」 （二）項目的特徵 1.獨特和唯一性的任何項目所處的時間、地點、環境、參與的人、目的均各不相同，他們因項目二臨時聯系起來。就象「人沒有相同的兩個人」一樣，是獨特和唯一的。另外項目在進行過程中，所發生的事件、沖突和矛盾都不相同，所以對參與項目的人或物來說，每個項目都是獨特的。因其在發展變化上的獨特性，項目也是唯一的。 2. 生命周期項目均具有明確的開始時間和結束時間。一般的，在這其中任何項目均具備四個階段，即概念、計劃、實施、結束四階段，就如生命的孕育、出生、成長、成熟、消亡一樣，項目周而復始，每個階段都有相應不同的特點。現代，又將四階段擴展為五階段：「概念、計劃、實施、結束、運行和維護」。 3.明確的目標項目活動均是「為了完成某一獨特的產品或服務」，所以項目具有明確是目標，如建築工程的質量、工期、成本文明施工目標。目標之間可能是相互矛盾和約束的，但又統一於項目內，目標具有約束性，項目活動就是要在受著許多約束和限制的條件下，完成諸多相互沖突矛盾的，但又不得不完成的任務。項目管理的結果就是在目標間求得一種平衡的結果。目標可以分解，總的目標由多層次的分目標組成。 4.系統組織項目是一個整體，項目各個組成部分相互影響，相互約束，形成一個完整的系統，並且項目都是在有組織的背景下產生的，如建築工程項目都是在某建築公司的組織內被組織和管理的，所以項目是一個有組織的整體系統。 5.不確定性項目是獨特的，且是唯一的，項目發展沒有固定先例。
Construction project management sub-contracting of Wen Xun Keywords: project, project management, general contractor (general contractor), sub-contractors (subcontractors), the construction market sub-system, matrix organizational structure, contract management , the target management Abstract: With the construction projects in greater depth of management, project management of more extensive application of scientific methods, the construction instry to a higher level of development, set up a sound system of construction specialist sub-contractors will be building market development in China are the inevitable trend, I think in the current environment, the use of centralized contract-style company, authorized the implementation of the project management, to take the matrix-style organization and management structure, focused on contract management and proction process management by objectives approach is a more effective management of subcontractors form. 1. The concept and characteristics of the project, project management, construction project management features (1) project concept "project" was the origin of a morning, the building instry and the military field, the earliest use of project management tools and methods. The definition of the project has a wide range, but they all revolve around the basic concept of the project and summarized. ISO10006 in the project as "a unique process that has the beginning and end of time, by a series of coordinated and controlled the activities of the composition. The process of implementation are in order to achieve the objectives set, including the needs of time, cost and resource binding conditions. "American Project Management Institute PMI at PMBOOK (2000 version) give the definition as:" projects are completed for a unique proct or service for a one-time effort. "German National Standard DIN69901 and should project as a" project are refers to the following conditions are met on a unique mission. (with the intended target, a specific time, financial and other restrictions on human conditions, with specific organizations). "(b) the characteristics of the project 1. a unique and uniqueness any item in which the timing, location, environment, participation of people, the aim should vary, they are linked to project the Second Provisional. As "people do not have the same two people", is unique and unique. In addition the project ring the course of events, conflicts and contradictions are not the same, so for example people or things involved in the project, each project is unique. At the development and changes on its uniqueness, the project is also unique. 2. The life cycle of projects have specific start and end times. In general, and in this one of any of the items are available in four phases, namely, the concept, planning, implementation, ending four stage of life such as breeding, birth, growth, maturity, like the demise of the project cycle, each stage has a corresponding different characteristics. Modern, will be extended to four stages of five stages: "the concept, planning, implementation, end of operation and maintenance." 3. Specific objectives of the project activities are "for the completion of a unique proct or service," so the project with a clear goal, such as construction quality, ration and cost goals of civilized construction. Between the objectives may be contradictory and constraints, but are united in the project, the target of a binding nature, the project activity is to much suffering and limit the conditions, the completion of the many contradictions in conflict with each other, but had to be completed task. The results of project management is to achieve a balance between the objectives of results. Goals can be decomposed, the overall target from multi-layered composition of the sub-goals. 4. System project is a whole organization, project the various components of the mutual influence, mutual constraints, form a complete system, and projects are organized at the background, such as construction projects are at a construction company organizations are organized and managed, so the project is an organized system as a whole. 5. Uncertainty projects are unique, and is the only project the development of no fixed precedent.
『陸』 一篇 工程管理專業外語的論文
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『捌』 工程管理專業論文摘要英文翻譯
無論怎樣的感受，無論怎樣的生活，燦爛或者腐爛都是你自己的生活。沒有人可以為你的生活負責任，也負不了這個責任。其實，一切盡在掌握！（是你的掌，不是別人的。） 想通了，就好好吃飯，好好睡覺，好好珍惜，好好愛，好好恨，好好生活 對現在的生活不滿意，想改變，就改變吧，不能再拖了。只有拖拉機的生活是拖出來的，我不是拖拉機，所以，我不拖了。改變，就在現在！不是有句話叫做，活在當下！ 我的生活是我自己的，作為朋友的你可以做什麼呢？需要你的時候，我會告訴你，沒有找你麻煩的時候，恐怕，就只有祝福了。當然，你需要我的時候，請你也告訴我哦！記住了——一切盡在掌握