A. 土木工程專業英語翻譯"Experimental Evaluation of Plate-Reinforced Steel Moment-Resisting Connections"
板增強鋼抗連接的實驗評估
B. 翻譯（土木工程專業英語）
Altogether，three力量在結構可能行動：垂直那些那次行動上上下下; 水平那些斜向一邊那次行動; 並且行動在它與轉動的或轉動的行動的那些。行動得有一個角度的力量是水平和垂向力的組合。因為土木工程師設計的結構意欲固定式或在平衡必須保留stable，these力量。垂直的forces，例如，must互相是相等的。如果射線支持裝載above，the射線必須有抵消充足的力量那重量。水平的力量必須也互相合計，以便沒有太多推在右邊或到左邊。並且也許拉扯結構的力量必須抵抗用進站相反方向的力量。
C. 土木工程專業英語 一篇翻譯
對不起 我不善於這個專業的翻譯 這兩天忙也沒時間翻譯
D. 請教土木工程專業英語翻譯
而混凝土材料技術先進，大大超過近50年來，在計算力學和流體性質，收縮裂縫持續，是一個重大問題，如果沒有一個完整的解決方案。這一章規定，就有關細節機制微尺度收縮與發展收縮應力對散裝規模在乾燥混凝土，並說明了如何相對濕度測量，可用於量化收縮應力。最近的研究側重於衡量內部相對濕度的混凝土和現有系統測量束縛應激發展，是總結。自收縮模型，把內部相對濕度測量概述類似模型預測的應力應變梯度在乾燥混凝土用相對濕度。研究提高了我們的認識，如何干縮應力梯度啟動微裂紋對乾燥的表面混凝土結構及行人道。
很多的耐久性問題困擾著混凝土路面和結構都依賴於免費浸入或流動的水。混凝土裂縫能的能力進一步提高，水分自由移動，在具體的，不斷增加的風險，為耐久性問題，如腐蝕，硫酸攻擊，鹼硅酸反應。
混凝土開裂往往是誘發內部講，而不是一個外加負載。內部誘導應力（即物質誘導應力）時，所產生的變化，在平衡量的物質，是克制。一些物質誘導量的變化有助於應力積累，並最終混凝土裂縫。這些措施包括對外干縮，內部乾燥（自體）的收縮，熱膨脹，碳化收縮，與結晶壓力。
內部和外部的乾燥收縮和熱膨脹，是從根本上關繫到內部相對濕度（ RH ） 。本文將詳細討論基本機制的背後RH和乾燥收縮年齡講（內部和外部乾燥） ，在具體的。特別是，依據，為開爾文和拉普拉斯方程在早期收縮應力的發展是。研究人員已經提交了研究結果，利用開爾文-拉普拉斯關系，為早期收縮研究。完整的推導都開爾文和拉普拉斯方程是包括在這項審查的基礎上，有用的，這種關系在收縮建模。
希望大家能有意識地塑造一個令身邊人喜歡的性格。
E. 土木工程專業英語論文翻譯
具體要求呢？行者文字工作室！
F. 土木工程專業英語翻譯
第二段
不僅通過在甲板本身重量保存其淺層的翼型減少了橋上的風荷載，因此，會導致進一步的經濟體的電纜和塔重量，取得了相當大的經濟。而且，塔雙腿的採用部分單框，這樣，他們的重量會降到最低。這些創新無疑已設置了高標準的經濟和未來-懸索橋設計的復雜性。
最後一段
就是通過長的鋼結構的電纜連接到塔的頂端與安排，使它可以向上和向下匝道滑的配重傾向於水平 45 °。超過幾英寸的塔頂部的任何運動開始拔上坡道 ；這一點，中斷的振盪節奏積累和帶來的休息塔頂部。通過兩個15 噸起重機建造的這座橋懸浮甲板上的鋼結構。從每個塔向外工作中心，然後再返回。施工過程模型的甲板上做的風洞試驗表明有必要 20 英尺的縱向帶沿中心線的橋，大開期間離開第一遍的井架，為了維持氣動 s * 甲板的能力，直到已完成第一遍，連接的跨橋面加勁桁架。
G. 土木工程專業英語翻譯~~~
It is necessary to grasp the ultimate bearing capacity of a structure of the nonlinear variation of the eigenvalues of the buckling of the structure . The basic structure of the first four stages of the value of buckling mode shown in Figure 2. Eigenvalue buckling mode analysis shows that the structure of orthogonal fasting shell buckling mode of the first few bands are dominated by overall buckling, which is the local buckling of reticulated shell structures are very different, indicating that the overall stiffness of the structure than good; other buckling mode from the first-order indicates that the structure of the reverse large surface less than the shear stiffness.
H. 土木工程專業英語翻譯求助
the
In the column frame structure stiffness calculation is the line. Beam line stiffness ratio change framework of internal force will change. In the building and strengthening the process, which affects the first column will occur or big or small change. That will make the local structural strengthening internal force influence the whole structure. Yet for this problem, no reference to the literature discuss. Most of the books involving reinforcement design calculation, no mention this rare books mentioned that this small effect, but can be ignored. This paper structure mechanics solver and PKPM respectively under the condition of static and dynamic changes e to local stiffness of frame the influence caused by the internal force calculation and analysis. According to the results of calculation and analysis, and the related conclusions.
The paper has six sections. The first part of the structure are mainly discussed the necessity of strengthening, reason, method, then it is a topic of current research at home and abroad. Finally the paper briefly stated the research objective, content and method. The second part and the third part is calculated and analyzed, including the preparation of the stiffness and line stiffness of the definition, this assumption and idealistic calculating model. The fourth part and the fifth part is the center of gravity, as static and dynamic conditions of frame beam-column stiffness changes of internal force calculation and analysis of the system. The sixth part is the ending part in front, the calculation and analysis, and then summarizes the conclusion, the paper deals with the topic is prospected.
Keywords: structure reinforcement, Beam line stiffness, Structural internal force, Change rule,
天啊..........竟然與他人重復，不讓回答......
I. 土木工程專業英語課文翻譯（要機械工業出版社的！）謝啦
這個問題本來就不清楚哦，機械工業出版社指哪本書起碼要告訴大家嘛，對於這種課文翻譯，一般只能找老師，或者去大點的書店買，畢竟土木對英語的要求不高，都沒多大的市場，何必花很多時間去翻譯呢。
J. 土木工程專業英語全文翻譯
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.
A building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .
As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :instrial buildings and civil buildings .instrial buildings are used by various factories or instrial proction while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,ecation and other social activities .
Instrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining instry ,the metallurgical instry ,machine building ,the chemical instry and the textile instry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of instrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,instrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .
Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well.
Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .
In the mid-1960』s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly instrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we』re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .
Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.
An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : 「day」, 「night」 ,and 「services」 .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the 「day 「rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the 「night 「rooms consist of the bedrooms .the 「services 「comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .
It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .
There is little standardization in instrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a 「shed 」type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .