1. 土木工程专业英语全文翻译
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.
A building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .
As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :instrial buildings and civil buildings .instrial buildings are used by various factories or instrial proction while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,ecation and other social activities .
Instrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining instry ,the metallurgical instry ,machine building ,the chemical instry and the textile instry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of instrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,instrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .
Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well.
Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .
In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly instrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .
Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.
An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .
It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .
There is little standardization in instrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .
2. 土木专业相关课程的英文名翻译
土木工程施工Civil Engineering Construction,工程建设监理 engineering construction supervision, 建筑设备construction equipment, 专业英语professional English, 概预算estimate the budget,土木工程材料 civil engineering materials, 抗震墙结构的设计PKPM, 著名的三维设计软件AutoCAD, 钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete structure, 钢结构steel structure,建筑结构抗震 building structures seismic, 多高层建筑结构
multiple high-rise building structures
中外建筑史Chinese and foreign architectural history, construction of special structures, 建筑结构选型building structure selection, 建筑构造设计基础 building construction design basis
3. 土木工程专业英语翻译!
不排水抗剪强度概况获得Nilcon叶片进行的试验在油箱农场中显示Fig.3.Nilcon叶片试验也进行了不同地点的邻近设施Attawapiskat 。所有Nilcon叶片数据进行编制，并以图，其中每个符号介绍了钻孔钻在不同地点的Attawapiskat包括飞机燃料储存库，驳船码头， laydown领域中显示Fig.2.As显示在图4的不排水抗剪强度的地壳层为30至150 ;和强度下降迅速，深入第一4米不排水抗剪强度的主要粉质粘土层（底层地壳层）随深度约20至30日4 〜 6米深约30到50在14至16米的深度。不同的敏感性4和8之间，这表明中期的敏感性。基于塑性指数一般10至20日， Bjerrum校正因子的外地叶片测试结果被认为是大约1.0 。
图的不排水抗剪强度概况获得Nilcon叶片进行的试验在油箱农场
图4也显示了非常低的不排水抗剪强度剖面测量的位置，钻孔的V - 03 - 395E钻孔通过三点一米厚填补丘在laydown区（见图2 ） 。强度的主要粉质粘土层在这个特别的位置范围从14日至20日，这是非常低的趋势，在其他测试地点Attawapiskat 。这种变化是在不排水强度的关注，在设计研究，并进一步调查叶片通过额外Nilcon测试，化验和调查的历史，填补了现有的投手。调查的结论表明，不排水抗剪强度异常可能是造成过度强调从填补材料，这是最初储存了约6米高。这一损失的实力证实了基础设计关注本网站。比例不排水抗剪强度（下限范围值） ，以现有的垂直有效应力，超过1.0的地壳层，不同大约从0.5到0.3的过渡区，布朗之间的地壳和灰色软，以坚定的存款（在深度4至7米） ，从0.3到0.2以下。常规oedometer （一维固结）试验进行了选定谢尔比管样品从钻孔的V - 03 - 392E和V - 03 - 393E.The解释巩固特色的摘要列于表1.Two价值的比例不排水抗剪强度的先期固结压力， （根据试验结果oedometer ，讨论以下） ，被认为是0.26和0.29 。
4. 土木工程 专业英语词汇和词组！越多越好！
foundation 基础，地基
bonded brickwork 砌合砖体
caisson 沉箱，深井，沉箱式灌注桩
cavity wall 空心墙
ceiling 天花板
ceramic tile 瓷砖
ciay 黏土
column 柱子，支柱
composite wall 组合墙
curtain wall 幕墙
control joint 连接缝，控制缝
decking 甲板，楼板
flexible tendon 挠性钢筋束
5. 翻译（土木工程专业英语）
Altogether，three力量在结构可能行动：垂直那些那次行动上上下下; 水平那些斜向一边那次行动; 并且行动在它与转动的或转动的行动的那些。行动得有一个角度的力量是水平和垂向力的组合。因为土木工程师设计的结构意欲固定式或在平衡必须保留stable，these力量。垂直的forces，例如，must互相是相等的。如果射线支持装载above，the射线必须有抵消充足的力量那重量。水平的力量必须也互相合计，以便没有太多推在右边或到左边。并且也许拉扯结构的力量必须抵抗用进站相反方向的力量。
6. 请教土木工程专业英语的翻译
The composition of a gravel deposit砾石沉积物 reflects not only the source rocks母岩 of the area from which it was derived
but is also influenced by the agents responsible for its formation and the climatic regime in which it was or is being
deposited .
砾石沉积物的含量可以反映出母岩区岩石类型,风化和相互作用的条件,沉积环境以及其形成时的古气候。
The latter two factors have a varying tendency to rece the proportion of unstable material.
后两个因素往往会极大地影响其组成含量的比率。
Relief地貌 also influences the nature of a gravel deposit,for example ,gravel proction under low relief is small and the
pebbles tend to the chemically inert resies残余物 such as vein quartz脉石英 ,quartzite石英岩, chert黑硅石 and flint燧石.By
contrast high relief and rapid erosion侵蚀 yield coarse ,immature gravels.
地貌也会影响砾石沉积物的性质。比如说，来自低地貌的砾石往往较小，而且搀杂残余物如脉石英、石英岩、黑硅石和燧石。而来自高地貌的
砾石由于受严重侵蚀，往往表面粗糙，产生不成熟的砾石，与此形成鲜明的对比。
Sands consist of a loose mixture of mineral grains and rock fragments岩石碎片. Generally they tend to be dominated by a few
minerals , the chief of which is quartz .
沙中含有各种混合物如矿粒和岩石碎片。慢慢地，其中几种矿物占据主导地位，主要是脉石英。
There is a presumed dearth缺乏 of material in those grades transitional to gravel on the one hand and silt on the other (see
Glossop and Skempton ).Stands vary appreciably有一点 in their textural maturity.
一方面，矿粒在演变成砾石过程中（......),另一方面,变成淤泥。在组成结构逐渐成熟过程中，（）有一点改变。
(最后一段不是很理解）
7. 土木工程 相关课程名称 英文翻译
对应依次为：
Civil Engineering eonstruction
Curricula design of Housing Architecture
Design of Concrete Housing Structure
Construction Project Management
Curricula Design of Concrete House Structure
Hydraulics
8. 土木工程专业英语翻译
位移结果的比较。它显示在表中。1,桥面压
在加载端,其位移,但桥面的位移
no-loading一边。位移随荷载的增加。有小
计算机仿真结果和测量结果之间的误差(参考:表1,表中
2)。以上结果为反相可以提供参考的实际力学模型桥。
的形状分析结果与计算的结果。的形状分析
结果类似于计算的结果(参考:图9、图10)。结果表明,ANSYS
有限元模型能反映桥梁的实际工作状态的比较结果
(参考:表3)之上。可以使用计算机模型来计算的承载力
单柱桥条件下轴承的分离。
桥的承载能力
为了计算桥梁的承载能力,我们可以使用荷载的有限元模型。
不同的加载方法应用于有限元模式。的反作用力
轴承,我们可以判断轴承是否分离。
9. 土木工程常用的英语
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全
1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering
1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method
1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering
1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics
1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics
1. 综合类土soil, earth
1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics
1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics
1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering
1. 综合类应力路径stress path
1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method
2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock
2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration
2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit
2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit
2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, resial soil
2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding
2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar
2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock
2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water
2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral
2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age
2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map
2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater
2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault
2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure
2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration
2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit
2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit
2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite
2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide
2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil
2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock
2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace
2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint
2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage
2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst
2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals
2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate
2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide
2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation
2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow
2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals
2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff
2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake
2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock
2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water
2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock
2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome
2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone
2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit
2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure
2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock
2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone
2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz
2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle
2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water
2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon
2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst
2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock
2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock
2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke
2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering
2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock
2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock
2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass
2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale
2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral
2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica
2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral
2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding
2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section
3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil
3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil
3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill
3. 土的分类充重塑土
3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele
3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil
3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil
3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo
3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay
3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite
3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil
3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth
3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)
3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite
3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck
3. 土的分类年粘土clay
3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil
3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil
3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil
3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil
3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil
3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle
3. 土的分类砂土sand
3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess
3. 土的分类素填土plain fill
3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart
3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto
ne, deritus
3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay
3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil
3. 土的分类岩石rock
3. 土的分类伊利土illite
3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil
3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush
3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil
3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil
3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill
3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil
3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil
3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess
4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits
4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation
4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density
4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight
4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity
4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency
4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient
4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy
4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure
4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure
4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight
4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density
4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index
4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content
4. 土的物理性质活性指数
4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading
4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water
4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits
4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi
tion of soil
4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity
4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio
4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity
4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage
4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction
4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water
4. 土的物理性质密度density
4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness
4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil
4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter
4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature
4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram
4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil
4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure
4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility
4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit
4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture
4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure
4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles
4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil
4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil
4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith
4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter
4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index
4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa
ction, coefficient of compaction
4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure
4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation
4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility
4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit
4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index
4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water
4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective siz
e
4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density
4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight
4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight
4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic wa
ter
4. 土的物理性质组构fabric
4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density
4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content
5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law
5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping
5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line
5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient
5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function
5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil
5. 渗透性和渗流流网 flow net
5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling
5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage
5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge
5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity
5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force
5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure
5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability
5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability
5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function
5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient
6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation
6. 地基应力和变形变形模量molus of deformation
6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio
6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution
6. 地基应力和变形残余变形resial deformation
6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力resial pore water pressure
6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure
6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement
6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio
6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement
6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation
6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculat
ion
6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method
6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure
6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress
6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant molus
6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement
6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification
6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation
6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量molus of resilience
6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience
6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index
6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building
6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation
6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method
6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure
6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure
6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A
6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B
6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution
6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart
6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent molus
6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep
6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl
ement
6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement
6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation
6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation
6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic molus
6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium
6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation molus
6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure
6. 地基应力和变形压缩层
6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量molus of compressibility
6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility
6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility
6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index
6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress
6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress
6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength
6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement
7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory
7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory
7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio
7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure
7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation
7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin
7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation
7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation
7. 固结固结consolidation
7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation
7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation
7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve
7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation
7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation
7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure
7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve
7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio
7. 固结井阻well resistance
7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect
7. 固结潜变（台）creep
7. 固结砂井sand drain
7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained groun
d
7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method
7. 固结时间因子time factor
7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory
7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Renlic diffusion equation
7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure
7. 固结压密（台）consolidation
7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation
7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve
7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation
7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress
7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure
7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve
7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve
7. 固结主固结primary consolidation
7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation
7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure
7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition
8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose
8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength
8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角resial angle of internal friction
8. 抗剪强度残余强度resial strength
8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength
8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test
8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils
8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength
8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter
8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate
8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength
8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter
8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength
8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength
8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation
8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope
8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory
8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction
8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion
8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture
8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion
8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength
8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength
8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction
8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept
8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope
8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter
8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress
8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction
8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion
8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope
8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter
9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model
9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model
9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model
9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model
9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion
9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model
9. 本构模型动剪切强度
9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model
9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model
9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model
9. 本构模型割线模量secant molus
9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion
9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion
9. 本构模型加工软化work softening
9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening
9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law
9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model
9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model
9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model
9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion
9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model
9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model
9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model
9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule
9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion
9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model
9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory
9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model
9. 本构模型切线模量tangent molus
9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model
9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface
9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method
9. 本构模型双参数地基模型
9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion
9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model
9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion
9. 本构模型塑性形变理论
9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic molus matrix
9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic molus
9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory
9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model
9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation
9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic molus
9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model
9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model
9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model
9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model
9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model
10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure
10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum
10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil
10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil
10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil
10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil
10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil
10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula
10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium
10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio
10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure
10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure
10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formu
la
10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory
10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formu
la
10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory
10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula
10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure
11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure
11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure
11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium
11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest
11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest
11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory
11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction
11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory
11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state
11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium
11. 土压力土压力earth pressure
11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure
11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure
12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose
12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method
12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope
12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method
12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices
12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method
12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method
12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method
12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope
12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method
12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method
12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method
12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method
12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope
12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis
12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability
12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability
12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose
12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method
12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis
13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity
13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves
13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method
13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping
13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction
13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site
13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear molus of soils
13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq
13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor
13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils
13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils
13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils
13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping
13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress
13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil
13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle
13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity
13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency
13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction
13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential
13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction
13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils
13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement
13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil
13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio
14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall
14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施
14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall
14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙
14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall
14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall
14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall
14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙r