A. 土木工程专业英语翻译"Experimental Evaluation of Plate-Reinforced Steel Moment-Resisting Connections"
板增强钢抗连接的实验评估
B. 翻译（土木工程专业英语）
Altogether，three力量在结构可能行动：垂直那些那次行动上上下下; 水平那些斜向一边那次行动; 并且行动在它与转动的或转动的行动的那些。行动得有一个角度的力量是水平和垂向力的组合。因为土木工程师设计的结构意欲固定式或在平衡必须保留stable，these力量。垂直的forces，例如，must互相是相等的。如果射线支持装载above，the射线必须有抵消充足的力量那重量。水平的力量必须也互相合计，以便没有太多推在右边或到左边。并且也许拉扯结构的力量必须抵抗用进站相反方向的力量。
C. 土木工程专业英语 一篇翻译
对不起 我不善于这个专业的翻译 这两天忙也没时间翻译
D. 请教土木工程专业英语翻译
而混凝土材料技术先进，大大超过近50年来，在计算力学和流体性质，收缩裂缝持续，是一个重大问题，如果没有一个完整的解决方案。这一章规定，就有关细节机制微尺度收缩与发展收缩应力对散装规模在干燥混凝土，并说明了如何相对湿度测量，可用于量化收缩应力。最近的研究侧重于衡量内部相对湿度的混凝土和现有系统测量束缚应激发展，是总结。自收缩模型，把内部相对湿度测量概述类似模型预测的应力应变梯度在干燥混凝土用相对湿度。研究提高了我们的认识，如何干缩应力梯度启动微裂纹对干燥的表面混凝土结构及行人道。
很多的耐久性问题困扰着混凝土路面和结构都依赖于免费浸入或流动的水。混凝土裂缝能的能力进一步提高，水分自由移动，在具体的，不断增加的风险，为耐久性问题，如腐蚀，硫酸攻击，碱硅酸反应。
混凝土开裂往往是诱发内部讲，而不是一个外加负载。内部诱导应力（即物质诱导应力）时，所产生的变化，在平衡量的物质，是克制。一些物质诱导量的变化有助于应力积累，并最终混凝土裂缝。这些措施包括对外干缩，内部干燥（自体）的收缩，热膨胀，碳化收缩，与结晶压力。
内部和外部的干燥收缩和热膨胀，是从根本上关系到内部相对湿度（ RH ） 。本文将详细讨论基本机制的背后RH和干燥收缩年龄讲（内部和外部干燥） ，在具体的。特别是，依据，为开尔文和拉普拉斯方程在早期收缩应力的发展是。研究人员已经提交了研究结果，利用开尔文-拉普拉斯关系，为早期收缩研究。完整的推导都开尔文和拉普拉斯方程是包括在这项审查的基础上，有用的，这种关系在收缩建模。
希望大家能有意识地塑造一个令身边人喜欢的性格。
E. 土木工程专业英语论文翻译
具体要求呢？行者文字工作室！
F. 土木工程专业英语翻译
第二段
不仅通过在甲板本身重量保存其浅层的翼型减少了桥上的风荷载，因此，会导致进一步的经济体的电缆和塔重量，取得了相当大的经济。而且，塔双腿的采用部分单框，这样，他们的重量会降到最低。这些创新无疑已设置了高标准的经济和未来-悬索桥设计的复杂性。
最后一段
就是通过长的钢结构的电缆连接到塔的顶端与安排，使它可以向上和向下匝道滑的配重倾向于水平 45 °。超过几英寸的塔顶部的任何运动开始拔上坡道 ；这一点，中断的振荡节奏积累和带来的休息塔顶部。通过两个15 吨起重机建造的这座桥悬浮甲板上的钢结构。从每个塔向外工作中心，然后再返回。施工过程模型的甲板上做的风洞试验表明有必要 20 英尺的纵向带沿中心线的桥，大开期间离开第一遍的井架，为了维持气动 s * 甲板的能力，直到已完成第一遍，连接的跨桥面加劲桁架。
G. 土木工程专业英语翻译~~~
It is necessary to grasp the ultimate bearing capacity of a structure of the nonlinear variation of the eigenvalues of the buckling of the structure . The basic structure of the first four stages of the value of buckling mode shown in Figure 2. Eigenvalue buckling mode analysis shows that the structure of orthogonal fasting shell buckling mode of the first few bands are dominated by overall buckling, which is the local buckling of reticulated shell structures are very different, indicating that the overall stiffness of the structure than good; other buckling mode from the first-order indicates that the structure of the reverse large surface less than the shear stiffness.
H. 土木工程专业英语翻译求助
the
In the column frame structure stiffness calculation is the line. Beam line stiffness ratio change framework of internal force will change. In the building and strengthening the process, which affects the first column will occur or big or small change. That will make the local structural strengthening internal force influence the whole structure. Yet for this problem, no reference to the literature discuss. Most of the books involving reinforcement design calculation, no mention this rare books mentioned that this small effect, but can be ignored. This paper structure mechanics solver and PKPM respectively under the condition of static and dynamic changes e to local stiffness of frame the influence caused by the internal force calculation and analysis. According to the results of calculation and analysis, and the related conclusions.
The paper has six sections. The first part of the structure are mainly discussed the necessity of strengthening, reason, method, then it is a topic of current research at home and abroad. Finally the paper briefly stated the research objective, content and method. The second part and the third part is calculated and analyzed, including the preparation of the stiffness and line stiffness of the definition, this assumption and idealistic calculating model. The fourth part and the fifth part is the center of gravity, as static and dynamic conditions of frame beam-column stiffness changes of internal force calculation and analysis of the system. The sixth part is the ending part in front, the calculation and analysis, and then summarizes the conclusion, the paper deals with the topic is prospected.
Keywords: structure reinforcement, Beam line stiffness, Structural internal force, Change rule,
天啊..........竟然与他人重复，不让回答......
I. 土木工程专业英语课文翻译（要机械工业出版社的！）谢啦
这个问题本来就不清楚哦，机械工业出版社指哪本书起码要告诉大家嘛，对于这种课文翻译，一般只能找老师，或者去大点的书店买，毕竟土木对英语的要求不高，都没多大的市场，何必花很多时间去翻译呢。
J. 土木工程专业英语全文翻译
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.
A building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .
As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :instrial buildings and civil buildings .instrial buildings are used by various factories or instrial proction while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,ecation and other social activities .
Instrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining instry ,the metallurgical instry ,machine building ,the chemical instry and the textile instry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of instrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,instrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .
Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well.
Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .
In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly instrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .
Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.
An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .
It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .
There is little standardization in instrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .