Ⅰ 翻译（土木工程专业英语）
Altogether，three力量在结构可能行动：垂直那些那次行动上上下下; 水平那些斜向一边那次行动; 并且行动在它与转动的或转动的行动的那些。行动得有一个角度的力量是水平和垂向力的组合。因为土木工程师设计的结构意欲固定式或在平衡必须保留stable，these力量。垂直的forces，例如，must互相是相等的。如果射线支持装载above，the射线必须有抵消充足的力量那重量。水平的力量必须也互相合计，以便没有太多推在右边或到左边。并且也许拉扯结构的力量必须抵抗用进站相反方向的力量。
Ⅱ 田文玉版土木工程专业英语 unit4 secondary controls课文翻译
secondary controls_有道翻译
翻译结果：
二次控制
secondary
英['sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ]
美['sɛkəndɛri]
n. 副手；代理人
adj. 第二的；中等的；次要的；中级的
更多释义>>
[网络短语]
Secondary二次,次级,第二的
secondary market二级市场,二级市场,次级市场
Ⅲ 土木工程专业英语求翻译
Tunnel by the new scheme, the principle of design of composite lining in the early support for rockbolt concrete, built by secondary lining concrete. Engineering analogy method was adopted to design the different sections of the tunnel lining structure parameters (including primary support and secondary lining), and calculate the stress of surrounding rock; Secondary lining section internal force is obtained by using the load structure method and cross section strength calculation, the geometric elements, which should include the lining lining under active load internal force calculation, internal force calculation unit elastic resistance under the action of lining, the maximum elastic resistance value total internal force calculation, lining calculation and lining section strength calculation.
Ⅳ 土木工程专业英语（英译汉）
组合砌体的辅助测试确定组合砌体的抗压强度，一系列五块未用钢筋加固的混凝土棱柱，已经在美国材料试验协会（2002c）规定的方式测试过。为了使细长度的影响达到最小化的目的，它们决定通过提供均步应力区，建造一个五块长、五块宽的棱柱。以使棱柱成为真实情况下在墙上最好的典型。（Drysdale and Hamid 2005）。每个棱柱的变上都会发生标距为600mm的轴向形变，这是通过位移功能变换器（电位计）获得的，而记录和外加负载连续的施加在破坏点上。
Ⅳ 请教土木工程专业英语的翻译
The composition of a gravel deposit砾石沉积物 reflects not only the source rocks母岩 of the area from which it was derived
but is also influenced by the agents responsible for its formation and the climatic regime in which it was or is being
deposited .
砾石沉积物的含量可以反映出母岩区岩石类型,风化和相互作用的条件,沉积环境以及其形成时的古气候。
The latter two factors have a varying tendency to rece the proportion of unstable material.
后两个因素往往会极大地影响其组成含量的比率。
Relief地貌 also influences the nature of a gravel deposit,for example ,gravel proction under low relief is small and the
pebbles tend to the chemically inert resies残余物 such as vein quartz脉石英 ,quartzite石英岩, chert黑硅石 and flint燧石.By
contrast high relief and rapid erosion侵蚀 yield coarse ,immature gravels.
地貌也会影响砾石沉积物的性质。比如说，来自低地貌的砾石往往较小，而且搀杂残余物如脉石英、石英岩、黑硅石和燧石。而来自高地貌的
砾石由于受严重侵蚀，往往表面粗糙，产生不成熟的砾石，与此形成鲜明的对比。
Sands consist of a loose mixture of mineral grains and rock fragments岩石碎片. Generally they tend to be dominated by a few
minerals , the chief of which is quartz .
沙中含有各种混合物如矿粒和岩石碎片。慢慢地，其中几种矿物占据主导地位，主要是脉石英。
There is a presumed dearth缺乏 of material in those grades transitional to gravel on the one hand and silt on the other (see
Glossop and Skempton ).Stands vary appreciably有一点 in their textural maturity.
一方面，矿粒在演变成砾石过程中（......),另一方面,变成淤泥。在组成结构逐渐成熟过程中，（）有一点改变。
(最后一段不是很理解）
Ⅵ 《土木工程专业英语》翻译
专业英语的教与学 unit2 ??text??civil engineers ??reading material ?(1)??being a civil engineer ?(2)??need of civil engineers for
Ⅶ 土木工程专业英语全文翻译
Introction to Civil Engineering Papers
Civil Engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. Every time a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development.
People can only rely on the early earth, wood and other natural materials in the construction activities, and later appeared in brick and tile that artificial materials, so that the first human to break the shackles of natural building materials. China in the eleventh century BC in the early Western Zhou Dynasty created the tile. The first brick in the fifth century BC to the third century BC, when the tomb of the Warring States Period. Brick and tile better than the mechanical properties of soil, materials, and easy to manufacture.
The brick and tile so that people began to appear widely, to a large number of housing construction and urban flood control project, and so on. This civil engineering technology has been rapid development. Up to 18 to the 19th century, as long as two thousand years, brick and tile has been a major civil engineering construction materials, human civilization has made a great contribution to the even was also widely used in the present.
The application of a large number of steel procts is the second leap in civil engineering. Seventeen 1970s the use of pig iron, the early nineteenth century, the use of wrought iron bridges and the construction of housing, which is a prelude to the emergence of steel.
From the beginning of the mid-nineteenth century, metallurgical instry, smelting and rolling out high tensile and compressive strength, ctility, uniformity of the quality of construction steel and then proce high-strength steel wire, steel cables. As a result of the need to adapt to the development of the steel structure have been flourishing. In addition to the application of the original beam, arch structure, the new truss, a framework, the structure of network, cable structures to promote the graal emergence of the structure of Yan in the form of flowers.
From the brick building long-span structures, stone structures, a few meters of wood, steel structure to the development of tens of meters, a few hundred meters, until modern km above. So in the river, cross the bridge from shelves, on the ground since the construction of skyscrapers and high-rise tower, even in the laying of underground railway, to create an unprecedented miracle.
In order to meet the needs of the development of steel works, on the basis of Newton's mechanics, material mechanics, structural mechanics, structural engineering design theory came into being, and so on. Construction machinery, construction technology and construction organization design theory also development, civil engineering from the experience of rising to become science, engineering practice and theoretical basis for both is a different place, which led to more rapid development of civil engineering.
During the nineteenth century, 20, made of Portland cement, concrete has come out. Concrete can aggregate materials, easy-to-concrete structures forming, but the tensile strength of concrete is very small, limited use. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the surge in steel proction, with the emergence of this new type of reinforced concrete composite construction materials, which bear the tension steel, concrete bear the pressure and play their own advantages. Since the beginning of the 20th century, reinforced concrete is widely used in various fields of civil engineering.
From the beginning of the 1930s, there have been pre-stressed concrete. Pre-stressed concrete structure of the crack resistance, rigidity and carrying capacity, much higher than the reinforced concrete structure, which uses an even wider area. Civil Engineering into the reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete dominant historical period. Concrete buildings to bring about the emergence of new economic, aesthetic structure in the form of engineering, civil engineering so that a new construction technology and engineering design of the structure of the theory. This is another leap in the development of civil engineering.
A project to build the facilities in general to go through the investigation, design and construction in three stages, require the use of geological prospecting projects, hydro-geological survey, engineering survey, soil mechanics, mechanical engineering, engineering design, building materials, construction equipment, engineering machinery, building the economy , And other disciplines and construction technology, construction and other fields of knowledge, as well as computer and mechanical testing techniques. Civil engineering is therefore a broad range of integrated disciplines. With the progress in science and technology development and engineering practice, the civil engineering disciplines have also been developed into a broad connotation, the number of categories, the structure of complex integrated system.
Civil Engineering is accompanied by the development of human society developed. It works in the construction of facilities reflect the various historical periods of socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technological development outlook, which civil society has become one of the historical development of the witness.
In ancient times, people began to build simple houses, roads, bridges and still water channel to meet the simple life and proction. Later, in order to adapt to the war, proction and dissemination of religious life, as well as the needs of the construction of the city, canals, palaces, temples and other buildings.
Many well-known works shown in this historical period of human creativity. For example, the Great Wall of China, Dujiangyan, the Grand Canal, Zhaozhou Bridge, Yingxian Wooden Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, Greece's Parthenon, Rome's water supply project, colosseum amphitheater (Rome large animal fighting Field), as well as many other well-known churches, palaces and so on.
After the instrial revolution, especially in the 20th century, on the one hand, civil society to put forward a new demand; On the other hand, all areas of society for the advancement of civil engineering to create good conditions. Thus this period of civil engineering has been advanced by leaps and bounds. All over the world there have been large-scale modernization of instrial plants, skyscrapers, nuclear power plants, highways and railways, long-span bridges, and large-diameter pipelines long tunnel, the Grand Canal, the big dams, airports, port and marine engineering, etc. . For civil engineering continually modern human society to create a new physical environment, human society, modern civilization has become an important part.
Civil Engineering is a very practical subjects. In the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. From the beginning of the 17th century, with Galileo and Newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, graally formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. This experience in civil engineering from the graally developed into a science.
In the course of the development of civil engineering, engineering practice often first experience in theory, engineering accidents often show a new unforeseen factors, triggering a new theory of the research and development. So far a number of projects dealing with the problem, is still very much rely on practical experience.
Civil Engineering Technology with the main reason for the development of engineering practice and not by virtue of scientific experiments and theoretical studies, for two reasons: First, some of the objective situation is too complicated and difficult to faithfully carry out laboratory or field testing and analysis. For example, the foundation, tunnel and underground engineering and deformation of the state and its changes over time, still need to refer to an analysis of engineering experience to judge. Second, only a new engineering practice in order to reveal new problems. For example, the construction of a high-rise buildings, high-rise tower and mast-span bridges, wind and earthquake engineering problems highlighted in order to develop this new theory and technology.
In the long-term civil engineering practice, it is not only building great attention to the arts, has made outstanding achievements; and other works, but also through the choice of different materials, such as the use of stone, steel and reinforced concrete, with natural Environmental art in the construction of a number of very beautiful, very functional and good works. Ancient Great Wall of China, the modern world, many of the television tower and the bridge ramp Zhang, are cases in point.
A building is closely bound up with people，for it provides with the necessary space to work and live in .
As classified by their use ,buildings are mainly of two types :instrial buildings and civil buildings .instrial buildings are used by various factories or instrial proction while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling ,employment ,ecation and other social activities .
Instrial buildings are factory buildings that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds ,in such fields as the mining instry ,the metallurgical instry ,machine building ,the chemical instry and the textile instry . factory buildings can be classified into two types single-story ones and multi-story ones .the construction of instrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings .however ,instrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used .
Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings .residential buildings should suit family life .each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms : a living room ,a kitchen and a toilet .public buildings can be used in politics ,cultural activities ,administration work and other services ,such as schools, office buildings, parks ,hospitals ,shops ,stations ,theatres ,gymnasiums ,hotels ,exhibition halls ,bath pools ,and so on .all of them have different functions ,which in turn require different design types as well.
Housing is the living quarters for human beings .the basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements ,but people today require much more that of their housing .a family moving into a new neighborhood will to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety ,health ,and comfort .a family will also ask how near the housing is to grain shops ,food markets ,schools ,stores ,the library ,a movie theater ,and the community center .
In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out .a majority of families preferred single-family homes on about half an acre of land ,which would provide space for spare-time activities .in highly instrialized countries ,many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area ,even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work .quite a large number of families preferred country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise ,crowding ,and confusion .the accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work .people we’re chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms and the number of bedrooms .
Before any of the building can begin ,plans have to be drawn to show what the building will be like ,the exact place in which it is to go and how everything is to be done.
An important point in building design is the layout of rooms ,which should provide the greatest possible convenience in relation to the purposes for which they are intended .in a dwelling house ,the layout may be considered under three categories : “day”, “night” ,and “services” .attention must be paid to the provision of easy communication between these areas .the “day “rooms generally include a dining-room ,sitting-room and kitchen ,but other rooms ,such as a study ,may be added ,and there may be a hall .the living-room ,which is generally the largest ,often serves as a dining-room ,too ,or the kitchen may have a dining alcove .the “night “rooms consist of the bedrooms .the “services “comprise the kitchen ,bathrooms ,larder ,and water-closets .the kitchen and larder connect the services with the day rooms .
It is also essential to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms ,and those most in use should preferably face south as possible .it is ,however ,often very difficult to meet the optimum requirements ,both on account of the surroundings and the location of the roads .in resolving these complex problems ,it is also necessary to follow the local town-planning regulations which are concerned with public amenities ,density of population ,height of buildings ,proportion of green space to dwellings ,building lines ,the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighbourhood ,and so on .
There is little standardization in instrial buildings although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning regulations .the modern trend is towards light ,airy factory buildings .generally of reinforced concrete or metal construction ,a factory can be given a “shed ”type ridge roof ,incorporating windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without sun-glare .
Ⅷ 土木工程专业英语翻译
1.城市运输系统是城市地区社会经济系统的一个组成部分。
A city transportation system is an integral part of a city’s socioeconomic system.
2.从20世纪20年代以来，公共交通使用显著减少，而私人汽车使用急剧增加。
Since the 1920s, the use of the public transportation system has been decreased drastically while the use of the private vehicles has been increased sharply.
3.结构设计包括确定结构的最佳比例和给定其组成要素及细节的尺寸。
An architectural design includes determining the optimum ratio and finalizing on the measurements of any of its given comprising elements and the details.
4.在斜拉设计中，需要考虑桥梁与周围环境相协调。
A cable-stayed bridge design should take into consideration the harmonious relationship between the bridge and its ambient environment.
5.水文分析和水文设计是解决地面排水问题的两个基本步骤。
Hydrological analyses and designs are the two basic steps in solving the drainage problem on a road surface.
Ⅸ 土木工程专业英语 一篇翻译
对不起 我不善于这个专业的翻译 这两天忙也没时间翻译
Ⅹ 土木工程专业英语求翻译 谢谢
Bridge detection in grid terrains and improved drainage enforcement
ABSTRACT
Bare Earth gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) are of-ten used to extract hydrologic features such as rivers and watersheds. DEMs must be conditioned by removing spu-rious sinks (or depressions) which impede water ow in the model, but are not true hydrologic barriers. This condi-tioning process is designed to enforce
proper drainage and connect real hydrologic networks (rivers) that would other-wise be disconnected in the unconditioned DEM. Primary means of conditioning DEMs include lling sinks and cut-ting barriers.
The availability of high resolution DEMs derived from li-dar introces new forms of false hydrologic barriers, pri-marily bridges. While attempts are made to automatically remove trees, buildings and bridges from bare Earth ter-rains, in practice many bridges remain in the nal \cleaned"
DEM. We present a supervised machine learning approach
for detecting bridges and other hydrologic barriers in DEMs.
Furthermore, we locally apply a simple cutting algorithm
to condition DEMs in areas tagged as barriers by the ma-chine learning step. After cutting, we use a lling technique
to remove any remaining spurious depressions. Experimen-tal results indicate that our approach accurately identi es
a variety of bridge and bridge-like features. Our nal con-ditioned DEM both modi es fewer grid cells and modi es
cells to a lesser extent than other traditional conditioning
approaches. The result is more realistic hydrologic models
on high resolution terrains.
Categories and Subject Descriptors:I.4.9 [Image Pro-cessing and Computer Vision]: Applications
General Terms:Algorithms
Keywords:Supervised Learning, Terrain Modeling
桥梁检测在网格地形和改进排水执法
文摘
裸土网格数字高程模型(dem)是十用于提取水文特性,比如河流和分水岭。
民主党必须受制于删除spu-rious水槽(或深度),阻碍水模型中的雪,但不是真正的水文壁垒。
这condi-tioning过程是设计来执行
适当的排水和连接实际水文网络(河流),不然会被断开的无条件民主党。
主要通过调节民主党包括为告诉下沉,减少停壁垒。
高分辨率dem的可用性来自李dar介绍新形式的假水文壁垒,pri-marily桥梁。
虽然努力自动删除树、建筑物和桥梁从裸土,在实践中丰富了降雨许多桥梁仍在nal \清洗”
民主党。
我们报告一个监督机器学习方法
检测桥梁和其他水文壁垒在民主党。
此外,我们在当地申请一个简单的切割算法
条件民主党在区域标记为壁垒的机器学习步骤。
切割后,我们使用一个为告诉技术
删除任何剩余的虚假的萧条。
进行实验的结果表明,我们的方法准确identies
各种各样的桥和桥像功能。
我们都modies con-ditioned nal DEM网格细胞和modies少
细胞在较小程度上比其他传统的调节
方法。
结果是更实际的水文模型
在高分辨率地形。
分类和主题描述符:我4 9[图像蓖麻子和计算机视觉):应用程序
一般条款:算法
关键词:监督式学习、地形建模
以上为机器翻译 结果，仅供参考
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