❶ 毕业设计 土木工程专业外文翻译
可以试试 群里有人做
❷ 土木工程 毕业论文文献翻译 中英文对照
因为我本人是金融学专业，所以搜集的数据库大多都是偏经济类金融类的，对于其他专业的同学很抱歉。建议找北京译顶科技，翻译公司大牛
❸ 急求土木工程专业外文文献翻译一篇，汉字3000左右。文后参考文献不少于15条，其中外文参考文献2篇以上
呵呵，在这里发布是很难找到的，建议你上土木工程相关论坛下载或去相关论坛交流同行业人员群。
❹ 求一篇关于土木工程的外文翻译或者文献。
土木工程的外文翻译或者文献外文文献有，翻译没有，翻译得靠你自己了，如果需要直接网络Hi中留言同时贴出问题的链接地址和邮箱地址即可，希望能满足你的需要，能帮到你，并请及时知道评价，多多给点悬赏分吧，急用的话请多选赏点分吧，这样更多的知友才会及时帮到你，我找到也是很花时间的，并请及时采纳
❺ 求土木工程专业毕业设计英文文献加翻译
土木毕业设计，有几套，可以做的，计算书，文献翻译，以及图纸，施工组织
❻ 求一篇毕业外文翻译，关于土木工程专业的，2000字左右
给你篇沥青方面的吧，不知道能否适合
Segregation of Asphalt Pavement
[Abstract] This paper describes the Weiwu highway construction, the analysis of asphalt pavement segregation. From raw materials to finished procts into the plant's appearance transport asphalt and paving mixture ring the various factors that affect quality, and to all aspects of the various segregation of solutions put forward
[Key words] segregation segregation Segregation of control
1. Project Overview
Shandong Wei (Shanghai) to Ukraine (sea) highway segment second contract start and end mileage K11 +300 ~ K22 +700, full 11.4KM, according to two-way four-lane design.
Mainline pavement structure:
Upper layer: the top layer of asphalt Horseshoe fat (SMA-13A) 4CM
In the surface layer: surface layer of asphalt concrete (AC-20B) 6CM
The following layers: Asphalt Concrete (AC-25B) 8CM
2. Segregation
Asphalt road surface segregation is a major area of asphalt mixture uneven nature, such as asphalt content, aggregate composition, additive content and the porosity and other surface.
3. Segregation of the hazard
Segregation of the event, they changed the original design of the pavement with, the quality of asphalt pavement segregation great harm. In particular in:
○ 1 rolling process, easily crushed coarse aggregate
○ 2 aggregate surface area increases, resulting in rolling after molding loose, damaged road pavement structural strength of influence
○ 3 concentration of coarse aggregate to pavement deterioration of local density, high porosity, easily formed in the surface water, causing water damage to the road early
○ 4 disease have a lot of asphalt mixture segregation and closely related, such as: loose, net crack, holes, local severe Track Channel, local weeping, newly paved asphalt pavement structure of the depth of inequality.
○ 5 Segregation of Asphalt Pavement Compaction will proce differences in degree of compaction, smoothness impact damaged the car's comfort
4. Segregation of species
Segregation will affect the road surface appearance, asphalt mixture segregation can be broadly classified into two types: level and temperature segregation with segregation. Gradation segregation occurs, asphalt road coarse material concentrated in some regions, while others focus on regional fine materials, making become uneven mixture gradation and asphalt content and design are inconsistent, leading to poor road showing the structure and texture characteristics . Concentration of fine material in some regions, the porosity is small, there may be weeping, rutting; other coarse material concentrated in some regions, high porosity, surface water may cause damage. Temperature segregation is the mixture in the storage, transportation and spreading in the weather, construction machinery impact, because the temperature difference between heat loss and the situation there. Mixture temperature of segregation, will lead to uneven road surface compaction, low temperature region, the road porosity greater texture depth of greater road in these areas prone to early damage. Temperature of the consequences of segregation and isolation graded as severe, can lead to premature failure of asphalt pavement, greatly shorten the life of asphalt pavement. Research shows that serious segregation of the road life may be reced by 50% or more. Present some early Asphalt Pavement damage, such as loose, net crack, holes, local severe Track Channel, local weeping, newly paved asphalt pavement structure of the depth of inequality, with the asphalt mixture segregation are closely related.
5. Segregation generation
Asphalt Mixture Segregation affect the characteristics of the pavement, and segregation issue has been throughout the construction process, it is the construction unit has long been one of the urgent solution of the problem.
5.1 Segregation of raw materials
In the raw materials transported from the quarry to the mixing station piling up, because a high degree of reason, a large aggregate rolled off the bottom of the heap in the material to form a coarse aggregate material the first focus, which will Segregation material mixing machine feeding in the cold difficult to control when different silos of the material ratio;
5.2 Segregation of mixing station mixing machine
When using the scraper conveyor to unload mixture into the finished proct hopper, the hopper must be located in the central discharge hopper, or the body in a barrel of vertical segregation, that crude is expected to roll it toward the side of hopper.
When using the scraper conveyor to unload into the ingredient mixture into the bucket and then finished unloading hopper, the ingredients should be kept as part of each discharge mixture, so that all the material emptied, the scraper conveyor of the mixture directly into the hopper caused segregation within
Proct discharge from the hopper, the discharge should be quickly opened the door, do not allow mixture to flow slowly, so as to avoid segregation
5.3 Material Segregation
Asphalt mp truck from the finished proct warehouse discharge to the transport process, the same as drop-off, large aggregate will be rolling in the car on both sides to form a coarse aggregate of the second concentration;
5.4 Discharge segregation
Transportation mp truck unloading in the mixture to the paver, the large aggregate in paver and a half car rolled near the formation of coarse aggregate the third concentration;
5.5 Segregation Feed
Paver feeders in the feed process, the first intermediate aggregate device to send the cloth, the remaining coarse aggregate retained in the hopper, the paver hopper collection, the formation of coarse aggregate of the fourth concentration; construction process The temperature segregation.
5.6 The joint segregation
Joint segregation in the upper layer construction is more common, especially in the section of pavement widening, the small number of paver or mixing plant capacity is low, thanks to two Paver, Road, the central vertical heat joints are often the weakest link. Seams paving mixture too much or too little will proce Segregation in the seams, will form a bridge over the effects of compaction on both sides of affected joints, seams less inadequate compaction. If the two are inconsistent paver paving thickness, the small thickness of the side seams are not easily compacted. Behind the paver two different rolling temperatures also cause excessive joint segregation. In addition, isolation joints are often the end of segregation in conjunction with trucks or other forms of segregation in the formation of combination effects. As the vertical seams in the lane, the number of multi-wheel loads, which often proces greater harm.
6. Segregation of control
6.1 Control of materials piling up approach
Layered aggregates (especially coarse aggregate) can rece the random segregation problem. Loader stacking up piles of material, the material on the particle size should be large changes in the slope layer by piling, slope less than 1:3. In the yard space to allow the case to minimize the height of the heap material. If the coarse aggregate in the stockpile segregation occurred in the bottom, front-end loader will be used to re-mixing material, the hopper can be sent to the cold. Unloading and loading to enhance stockpile management, the key is to rece the random segregation.
6.2 Temperature Control Mixing Station
Temperature to determine the factory by the paving temperature. Mixture temperature losses influenced by the weather, according to the distance of the mixture of time and storage, construction of the asphalt test section of the process to determine the temperature loss, to determine the temperature of asphalt factory. Aggregate level of the heating temperature is mainly affected by fluctuations in raw material moisture content, and thus affect the quality of asphalt and asphalt mixing plant proctivity. Fine aggregate rain shelter structures can effectively control the water content and rece the volatility of aggregate temperature, and can save heating oil and rece costs.
6.3 Loading and Unloading vehicles
Prevent the formation of vehicle loading and segregation, in the loading process, should be at least three times a load, the first near the front of the car, the second near the rear, the third time in the middle of the car by this method can basically eliminate the formation of the segregation load. If mixed with a material for each load, the top of the car by sliding movement of the vehicles can even load, it loads the effect of the score three times even better. In addition, when a car when the mixture into the paver, the first time from the top to fill the hopper once and should be so that the mixture as a whole into the paver hopper, so to avoid car unloading caused by segregation.
6.4 paver paving operation
Paver paving process to maintain stable and continuous spiral fabric uniform rotation device, spreader feeders on both sides to maintain a high degree of not less than 2 / 3 of mixture to prevent the formation of the outer spiral fabric mixture accumulation device segregation. After each discharge as mp truck paver hopper scraper conveyor on both sides there will always be less than scraping the mixture, which is often coarse material after segregation. If every time close to the paver hopper mixture paving, road laws of segregation phenomena occur. Resolve this problem, close the hopper should be minimized, artificial accumulation not affect the leveling hopper mp truck mping mainly to minimize the mixture segregation, and the paver in a car expected to be finished, close the feeder, so get off after the material uniformly into the feed and cloth. Unloading the car when the paver, uninstall the fast speed as far as possible, as far as possible to ensure continuous paver operation, do not stop. Adjust the speed of paver paving and mixing station to the feed rate is the same.
6.5 Joint Treatment
In Weiwu highway paving, in the normal section, using two ABG-423-type paver simultaneously, paver to ensure two before six cars waiting for unloading transport material, and between pavers spacing not greater than 20 meters.
The paving of the widened section to the Highway Bureau of Dongying City, the introction of a Suge Le paver, three forward together in a section of paving. To avoid cold joints, to avoid temperature segregation.
6.6 Rolling
Compaction is to ensure that an important part of the quality of road construction. To ensure compactness and flatness, rolling should follow the "high-frequency, low amplitude, followed, less water, slow pressure" principle, from low to high, full-rolling. Roller should be rolled slow even pace, according to initial pressure roller rolling speed, complex pressure, final pressure and the corresponding roller type.
❼ 求一篇3000字左右的土木工程专业相关的外文翻译
邮箱 查收~~~~~~~~毕业设计论文 手动翻译的 不是机器~
❽ 求一篇土木工程英文文献翻译，毕业设计用的
刚好我也在做毕业设计 把我的给你用吧
Traditional Construction Proceres
As mentioned before, construction under the traditional construction procere is performed by contractors. While they would like to satisfy the owner and the building designers, contractors have the main objective of making a profit. Hence, their initial task is to prepare a bid price based on an accurate estimate of construction costs. This requires development of a concept for performance of the work and a construction time schele. After a contract has been awarded, contractors must furnish and pay for all materials, equipment, power, labor, and supervision required for construction. The owner compensates the contractors for construction costs and services.
A general contractor assumes overall responsibility for construction of a building. The contractor engages subcontractors who take responsibility for the work of the various trades required for construction. For example, a plumbing contractor installs the plumbing, an electrical contractor installs the electrical system, and an elevator contractor installs elevators. Their contracts are with the general contractor, and they are paid by the general contractor.
Sometimes, in addition to a general contractor, the owner contracts separately with specialty contractors, such as electrical and mechanical contractors, who perform a substantial amount of the work require for a building. Such contractors are called prime contractors. Their work is scheled and coordinated by the general contractor, but they are paid directly by the owner.
Sometimes also, the owner may use the design-build method and award a contract to an organization for both the design and construction of a building. Such organizations are called design-build contractors. One variation of this type of contract is employed by developers of groups of one-family homes or low-rise apartment buildings. The homebuilder designs and constructs the dwellings, but the design is substantially completed before owners purchase the homes.
Administration of the construction procere often is difficult. Consequently, some owners seek assistance from an expert, called a professional construction manager, with extensive construction experience, who receives a fee. The construction manager negotiates with general contractors and helps select one to construct the building. Managers usually also supervise selection of subcontractors. During construction, they help control costs, expedite equipment and material deliveries, and keep the work on schele. In some cases, instead, the owner may prefer o engage a construction program manager, to assist in administrating both design and construction.
Construction contractors employ labor that may or may not be unionized. Unionized craftspeople are members of unions that are organized by construction trades, such as carpenter, plumber, and electrician unions, Union members will perform only the work assigned to their trade.
During construction, all work should be inspected. For this purpose, the owner, often through the architect and consultants, engages inspectors. The field inspectors may be placed under the control of an owner’s representative, who may be titled clerk of the works, architect’s superintendent, engineer’s superintendent, or resident engineer. The inspectors have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets the requirements of the contract documents and is performed under safe conditions. Such inspections may be made at frequent intervals.
In addition, inspections also are made by representatives of one or more governmental agencies. They have the responsibility of ensuring that construction meets legal requirements and have little or no concern with detailed conformance with the contract documents. Such legal inspections are made periodically or at the end of certain stages of construction. One agency that will make frequent inspections is the local or state building department, whichever has jurisdiction. The purpose of these inspections is to ensure conformance with the local or state building code.
Following is a description of the basic traditional construction procere for a multistory building.
After the award of a construction contract to a general contractor, the owner may ask the contractor to start a portion of the work before signing of the contract by giving the contractor a letter of intent or after signing of the contract by issuing a written notice to proceed. The contractor then obtains construction permits, as required, form governmental agencies, such as the local building, water, sewer, and highway departments.
The general contractor plans and scheles construction operations in detail and mobilizes equipment and personnel for the project. Subcontractors are notified of the contract award and issued letters of intent or awarded subcontracts, then are given, at appropriate times, notices to proceed.
Before construction starts, the general contractor orders a survey to be made of adjacent structures and terrain, both for the record and to become knowledgeable of local conditions. A survey is then made to lay out construction.
Field offices for the contractor are erected on or near the site. If desirable for safety reasons to protect passersby, the required to be removed from the site are demolished and the debris is carted away.
Next, the site is prepared to receive the building. This work may involve grading the top surface to bring it to the proper elevations, excavating to required depths for basement and foundations, and shifting of utility piping. For deep excavations, earth sides are braced and the bottom is drained.
Major construction starts with the placement of foundations, on which the building rests. This is followed by the erection of load-bearing walls and structural framing. Depending on the height of the building, ladders, stairs, or elevators may be installed to enable construction personnel to travel from floor to floor eventually to the roof. Also, hoists may be installed to lift materials to upper levels. If needed, temporary flooring may be placed for use of personnel.
As the building rises, pipes, cts, and electric conit and wiring are installed. Then, permanent floors, exterior walls, and windows are constructed. At the appropriate time, permanent elevators are installed. If required, fireproofing is placed for steel framing. Next, fixed partitions are built and the roof and its covering are put is place,
Finishing operations follow. There include installation of the following: ceilings; tile; wallboard; wall paneling; plumbing fixtures; heating furnaces; air-conditioning equipment; heating and cooling devices for rooms; escalators; floor coverings; window glass; movable partitions; doors; finishing hardware; electrical equipment and apparatus, including lighting fixtures, switches, transformers, and controls; and other items called for in the drawings and specifications. Field offices, fences, bridges, and other temporary construction must be removed from the site. Utilities, such as gas, electricity, and water, are hooked up to the building. The sit is landscaped and paved. Finally, the building interior is painted and cleaned.
The owner’s representatives then give the building a final inspection. If they find that the structure conforms with the contract documents, the owner accepts the project and gives the general contractor final payment on issuance by the building department of a certificate of occupancy, which indicates that the completed building meets building-code requirements.
传统的施工程序
众所周知，在传统的施工程序中进行施工的承包商。尽管他们想满足业主和建筑设计师的要求，但是最终还是以赚取利润为主要目标的。因此，他们最初的任务是对编写投标价格的建筑成本进行准确的估计。这就需要进行前期调查的工作并且做出施工时间表。等合约批出后，施工方必须提供所有材料并支付其费用，设备，电力，劳动力。业主此时需要进行必要的监督。
一个总承包商承担一个建筑整体的责任。从事分包的承建商则需承担建造工程所需的各个工作。例如，管道承包商安装水管，电业承办商安装电气系统，电梯则由电梯承包商安装。他们与总承包商签订合同，费用由总承包商支付。
有时候，除了一个总承包商，还有各种专业承包商，如电气和机械承包商，执行工作时需要与业主签订合同。这种承包商被称为间接承包商。他们的工作，由总承包商协调，但它们都是由业主直接联系。
还有些时候，业主可以使用设计建造方法同时兼有设计和建筑施工单位的职能。这些单位被称为设计建造承包商。这方面的一个类型的合同聘用的变化是由一户住宅或低层住宅建筑群的开发。在房屋建筑设计和建造的住房，但设计之前需要由购买房屋的业主完成。
施工过程管理往往是困难的。因此，一些业主会去寻求专家的协助，这些专家被称为专业施工经理，他们具有丰富的施工经验。施工经理与总承包商进行谈判，并选择其中一个项目。施工经理通常还监督分包商。在施工期间，它们有助于控制成本，加快运送设备和材料，并保持工作的进度。在依法行政，协助设计和建设的情况下，业主可以选择从事建筑项目经理。
建筑承包商雇用的劳动力，一般有大工和小工。大工再建筑工程中从事技术活，如木工，管道工，工会成员和电工工会，小工则执行了分配给他们的工作。
在施工期间，一切工作都要验收。因此，业主通过建筑师和监理经常进行督查。可能是名为工程员，建筑师或驻地工程师。作为业主的代表实地视察。核查人员必须确保工程符合合同文件的要求，并在安全的条件下进行的责任。这种检查可作出重复。
此外，验收还是需要一个或多个政府机构的代表。他们必须确保工程符合法律要求，并负责检查与合同文件是否一致。这种视察一般定期或在某些阶段施工结束以后进行。地方或国家建设部门具有管辖权。这些检查的目的是确保符合当地或国家的建筑规范。
以下是传统多层建筑施工的基本程序。
建造开始后合同授予开发商，业主可要求开发商开始施工之前签约给或之后签约发出书面通知的同时另一部分工作继续进行。紧接着施工方根据需要获取建筑许可证，例如当地的建设，供水，污水处理，政府机构和公路部门。
总承包商的计划和进度详细施工作业以及动员项目设备和人员。分包商得到通知后，做出签订合同的意向或授予分包合同书，然后给出在适当的时候进行通知。
在施工前启动，总承包商要进行的一项调查就是邻近结构和地形，这些都要记录在案，并要熟悉当地情况。这项调查结束以后，随即进行布局建设。
承建商的现场办事处都建在施工现场或附近。为了安全起见，必须从脚手架上移除的东西，产生的碎片都要运走。
下一步，该网架是为建设工程准备的。这项工作为地下室开挖和基础开挖的深度，以及公用事业管道转移找到正确的标高。深挖掘，土方支撑，底部排出。
建筑开始于基础上，然后是承重墙和结构框架的施工。梯子，楼梯，或电梯的安装，可让施工人员往返于各个楼层。此外，可安装卷扬机来运送材料。
由于建筑高度的上升，管道，电力管道和线路安装以及永久地板，外墙，窗户和构造的影响。在适当的时候，永久的电梯安装。再需要的情况下可以安装防火卷帘。其次，屋顶等地方也需要安装。
精加工工序安装有包括以下内容：天花板，瓷砖，墙板，墙壁镶板，水管装置，加热炉，空气调节设备，加热和冷却室装置;自动扶梯;地板，窗户玻璃;活动板，门;电气设备和仪器，包括照明灯具，开关，变压器，控制器，遵照项目的图纸和规格。外地办事处，围栏，桥梁和其他临时建筑，公共设备，如天然气，电力管道，水管，都连接到建筑上。最后，是建筑物内部的打扫和清洗。
业主的代表，会给建设工程作最后检查。如果他们满意并认为符合合同文件，那么业主接受该项目，并交给总承包商的一个占用证书，这表明，总承包商已完成建设，建设部门再根据建筑规范的要求发放最后付款。
❾ 求一份土木工程英文文献翻译
朋友 今天晚上我给你发过去 绝对不是机器翻译的 毕业设计留下的hh
你要着急 网络hi我~